So, a male screenwriter
friend of mine asked me to do a blog entry on suggestions for writing women. I
thought this was an awesome, very astute, and sensitive thing for him to ask.
And then became a bit daunted by the task.
Writing women, especially
where film is concerned, has become a very important topic. There has been
numerous discourse about the fact that, percentage wise, many, if not most
women are relegated to the “damsel in distress” arm candy role – pretty, hot
girls whose only function is to be the “reward” the guy gets at the end. The
first “Transformers” movie, and the role Megan Fox portrays usually serves as
the first example cited. If you haven’t heard of the Bechdel Test (a test that helps identify gender bias in mass media) this is it:
Take a minute and think
through some of the most recently released films. Start with “The Avengers.” Do they pass?
SIDE NOTE: There are times when it is totally justified that a story not pass the Bechdel test. Someone brought up "Romeo and Juliet." I would argue that the conversations between Juliet and the Nurse do actually pass the test - although Romeo/Paris are important to all their conversations, they are not talking about "OMG - he's so cute. I want him!" "No I want him!" They are using those men to explore deeper issues about their relationship - and about Juliet's life choices. In the "The clock struck nine when I did send the nurse" scene - the nurse basically talks about everything BUT Romeo for the vast majority of it. And keep in mind - though "Romeo and Juliet" is a love story, at it's heart it's a story about the tragedy of blind feuds. But in essence, the Bechdel test is good generally - and it's really good for talking about the majority of Hollywood "moneymakers." But it's just a guide - and no simple guide is going to solve the problem. But if you choose to not follow it make sure it's exactly that - an informed choice.
SIDE NOTE: There are times when it is totally justified that a story not pass the Bechdel test. Someone brought up "Romeo and Juliet." I would argue that the conversations between Juliet and the Nurse do actually pass the test - although Romeo/Paris are important to all their conversations, they are not talking about "OMG - he's so cute. I want him!" "No I want him!" They are using those men to explore deeper issues about their relationship - and about Juliet's life choices. In the "The clock struck nine when I did send the nurse" scene - the nurse basically talks about everything BUT Romeo for the vast majority of it. And keep in mind - though "Romeo and Juliet" is a love story, at it's heart it's a story about the tragedy of blind feuds. But in essence, the Bechdel test is good generally - and it's really good for talking about the majority of Hollywood "moneymakers." But it's just a guide - and no simple guide is going to solve the problem. But if you choose to not follow it make sure it's exactly that - an informed choice.
The discussion gets more
complex when you start looking at films like “Sucker Punch” – which claims to
be a movie about female empowerment, but which depicts said females as “erotic fan
boy stereotypes.” Personally, I actually really liked “Sucker Punch” – and I
think it had some positive things to say, even though it may not have
accomplished it’s “female empowerment” goal as successfully as it could have.
The point is, I think
most of us can agree that women are not always portrayed well. We can’t all
agree on how best to rectify that. I’m not really totally sure myself.
Sometimes it’s more difficult to talk about how to write what you ARE then what
you’re not. But for what it’s worth, here’s my two cents.
First of all, take a
brief interlude, and go watch/read the following:
Ted Talks: How Movies
Teach Manhood
And:
Vs. 
(And no, "but there are more women in the second one" is not the right answer.)
No, seriously, go. I’ll
wait.
You done?
Awesome.
Well, I thought I’d start
by trying to think of some examples of well-written female characters. And I
thought the most effective way to do that would be to start with the female
characters I’ve identified with the most through out my life. This is a
personal list – this doesn’t mean that these are THE BEST female characters.
This doesn’t mean that every woman will identify with these characters. It just
means that I do. This includes films, stories, musicals, etc.
Ofelia – “Pan’s
Labyrinth”
Joan of Arc
The Little Mermaid
(original Hans Christian Anderson story)
Elphaba – “Wicked”
Matilda – “Matilda” (the
book)
And, there are male
characters I identify with as well:
Frodo – “Lord of the
Rings”
Katurian – “The
Pillowman”
are just two examples.
When someone asks me who I’d love to play in the musical “Into The Woods” the
answer I want to give is The Baker, or in “Pippin,” Pippin. Two male
characters.
Yes – there are major
themes connecting all these characters. Those are the themes I most strongly
identify with personally. Everyone has their own.
Interestingly, there are
many articles discussing the fact that since there are usually more male
characters in a story then female (often there is just the “token” female,)
most women grow up learning to identify with a male character. “Ok, no women I
relate too, I’ll just relate to him.” (Please note: This, as with points made through out this entry is not a hard and fast rule. In fact, sometimes trying to "break" gender bias convention ends up causing more of a problem. There are more women in "Oz The Great and Powerful" then in "The Wizard of Oz." But it's still a far poorer film at portraying women.) It’s the same with any under represented
group. So sometimes I wonder, when and how do men relate to female characters?
Does a little boy watching “The Wizard of Oz” more strongly relate to, say, the
Scarecrow – because he’s a boy, or to Dorothy – because she’s the protagonist?
I tend to relate more to Frodo then Arwen, or more to Spiderman then Mary Jane.
I remember being in great turmoil as a child because I could never decide if I
would rather be Peter Pan or Wendy. I’m still not sure.
And I think that’s an
interesting place to start. If you’re unsure how to write female characters –
or just want to get better at it, make a list of all the female characters you
identify with. For example, if you were an actor, and a woman, what roles would
you like to play?
Then really start
thinking about WHY you relate to that character. Why do you like them? What do
you identify with? The truth is, both genders can be stereotyped. Think of same
gender characters you really don’t relate to – and figure out why. Now think of
opposite gender characters you don’t relate to – and figure out why. Take
physical characteristics out of the equation. Imagine playing that part. Would
you want to? Why or why not?
A really hot topic right
now is female empowerment, especially in film. Now, I’m all for female
empowerment. But the second I, or anyone else tries to write an “empowered
female” – that being the sole goal – I’ve probably just killed any chance of
ACTUALLY writing an empowered character. First and foremost you have to write a
good, well-rounded character with an arc. The truth is, the vast majority of
politically correct female characters I’ve seen recently, actually feel more
offensive, and politically INcorrect to me as a woman. I’m a huge fairy tale
fan (that’s a blog in and of itself.) I found the Snow White character in “Snow
White and the Huntsman” – you know, the supposed “bad ass” Snow with a sword in
her hand FAR more politically incorrect then the Snow in the original story.
Putting a sword in her hand doesn’t make her a relatable character. And you’ve
completely missed the METAPHORIC significance of her journey in the original
story. I found that Snow White to have no personality, no real want, and really, nothing I could relate to, or empathize with. Where as I do with the Snow in the original story - even though her character is far from fleshed out. On the flip side, I find Ginnifer Goodwin’s Snow in the T.V series “Once
Upon a Time” to be both an empowered bad ass, AND to have all the metaphoric
elements inherent in the original story. But that’s because the creators of the
show did more then just put a sword in her hand (which they do within the first
five minutes of the pilot) – they gave her a well rounded character with
strengths and flaws and wants and thoughts and feelings. She has an arc to her
character. She grows and changes. She’s strong, she’s funny, she’s vulnerable.
Yes, I said she’s strong AND vulnerable. Women, just like men, can have
contradictions. It makes them interesting. Just like real people. And being vulnerable doesn't make her weak.
"Snow White and the Huntsman"/Traditional Fairy Tale
What does empowerment
mean for a woman? Is it different then for a man? I’m not sure. All I know is
that simply transposing a masculine stereotype of “empowerment” onto a woman is
not actually empowering that woman. I find the final scene of “Pan’s Labyrinth”
– in which a young girl (Ofelia,) confronted by her abusive step father who is
holding a loaded gun refuses to hand over her infant baby brother to him to be
one of the most empowering scenes I’ve ever seen. A simple word: “No,” with the
brave acceptance of the consequences such defiance will incur does more then an
armory of swords and guns ever could. Simply giving a girl a weapon doesn’t
make her empowered. It can make her a “fan boy fetish” just as easily. I think
this can be true for both genders. I find the moment when Harry Potter walks
into the forest to sacrifice himself for his friends far more meaningful and
empowering then all the epic wand battle scenes.
vs. 
Ofelia - "Pans Labyrinth" Megan Fox in...something
On the flip side, (as my screenwriter friend pointed out) many writers write women as damsels in distress even though they don't realize it. Since often women aren't the protagonist of the film (or sometimes even when they are,) they end up being written as reactionary, and passive instead of proactive. Stuff happens TO them. They don't DO stuff. Interestingly this is one of the issues I have with Kristen Stewart's Snow White in "Snow White and the Huntsman." Check out the film - then tell me what she actually DOES to advance her story. Yeah, she's a little feisty. She tries to escape those who are trying to hurt her - but she is in reality basically lost and confused until she meets a bunch of guys who are like: "follow me, I'll show you where to go." Then these same men go: "You're THE ONE - you have to lead us to victory." And Snow just goes along for the ride. Even the moment where she defeats the Evil Queen is basically an accident. This Snow - even though she has a sword in her hand, is really at heart a damsel in distress. "The Wizard of Oz" is the opposite. The Scarecrow, Tin Man and Lion - the "side kicks" are all given moments to be proactive. Even the Lion - who is kind of depicted as a male damsel in distress for most of the movie - has moments of driving the action forward.
And now I come to my most
important point.
Above all, there must be
a care, and empathy for your subject whenever your subject is “other” then
yourself. This is true of a character who is another gender, race, age, ethnicity, etc. Portray women as human beings. Think about your mothers, your sisters
– what are their deepest fears? Secrets? Dreams? How do they process and express
their feelings? How is it different then you? I’ve had to do that in reverse to
write my male characters. And it always stems from empathy. Taking the physical
out of it, what do I love about men? How would the men in my life process X
differently then me? I’ve never had to deal with the pressure to “be a man” in
contemporary society. But my friends have – and I can empathize with that. I
may never have to deal with needing to prove my masculinity, but I have had to
deal with feeling like I needed to prove myself to be “worthy,” “strong,” “what
I’m supposed to be” – and I use that to inform my characters. I think when we
stop thinking of women as objects in life – they’ll stop being portrayed as
objects on film.
So here’s what it boils
down to:
1.) Unless there is a
GOOD reason why, make sure everything you write passes the Bechdel Test. And
even if your plot demands that not all three elements can be met, you MUST give
your female character(s) something that’s driving them besides a man. I think
the films of Miyazaki (“Princess Mononoke,” “Spirited Away”) are brilliant
examples of stories where there is a romance, AND the stories pass the Bechdel
test with flying colors.
2.) Give every character
you write an objective, and an arc. No matter how minor they are. Have at least
five adjectives that describe every character.
3.) Tell a good story
first and foremost. Don’t TRY and empower/make politically correct/etc. women.
Tell a good story with good characters. Everyone will disagree on what
empowerment is. But if you tell an effective, moving story – you can’t have
gone too far wrong.
4.) Make your women active. Even if they're not the primary driving force behind a plot, give them thoughts, ideas, actions. Don't make them purely passive and reactionary.
4.) Make your women active. Even if they're not the primary driving force behind a plot, give them thoughts, ideas, actions. Don't make them purely passive and reactionary.
5.) Most importantly
empathize. Writers have been taught for years to understand and empathize with
their characters – no matter how “evil” they are. Well, do the same for gender
opposite characters. Care about them. Understand them. Empathize, and relate to
the real women around you. Talk to them, ask them questions. Then write real
characters. There are no hard and fast rules. There can be damsels in distress. There can be attractive women. Just like there can be dumb tough guys. But the point is, that can't be ALL they are. It's difficult sometimes to understand the opposite gender. It's also difficult to understand an alien, or a murderer, or a fairy. But that's our job as writers. Care for women in real life. Do your best to understand the women around you. Then you can start to write female characters that will matter to everyone.
On a side note - this was recently brought to my attention. Thought it was worth adding to the discussion:
On a side note - this was recently brought to my attention. Thought it was worth adding to the discussion:
